Grassmann number

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Anticommuting numbers that satisfy (for Grassmann numbers \theta_i\, and ordinary complex numbers x_i\,)

\theta_i \theta_j = - \theta_j \theta_i\,.
\theta_i x_j = x_j \theta_i\,,

i.e.,

\left\{ \theta_i, \theta_j \right\} = 0\,,
\left[ \theta_i, x_j \right] = 0\,.

It follows that

\theta_i \theta_i = (\theta_i)^2 = 0\,.

[edit] Calculus

Calculus over Grassmann numbers is defined using Berezin integrals. Briefly,

  • \int\! d\theta\, 1 = 0,
  • \int\! d\theta\, \theta = 1,
  • d\theta \, \theta = - \theta\, d\theta.
  • \frac{\partial}{\partial\theta} = \int\!d\theta\,.

In higher dimensions,

  • \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_i} \theta_j + \theta_j \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta_i} = \delta_{ij}\,.
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